| 359 B.C. |
Philip II accedes to the throne of Macedon |
| |
|
| 356 |
July 20th: Alexander born: in Asia Minor the Ephesian Temple of Artemis
is burned down. |
|
|
| 343/2 |
Aristotle is invited to Macedon as Alexander's tutor. |
|
|
| 340 |
Alexander's first military campaigns |
|
|
| 338 |
August: Battle of Chaeroneia: Alexander leads the attack on the Sacred
Band. Later he acts as ambassador to Athens. Philip's marriage to Cleopatra.
Alexander and Olympias, out of favour, go into exile. |
|
|
| 337 |
Alexander returns to Pella. The League of Corinth agrees to a war against
Persia. |
|
|
| 336 |
Parmenio leads the advance force into Asia Minor. Darius III comes
to the throne of Persia. Cleopatra bears Philip a son. Philip's assassination
in June. Alexander succeeds to the throne. In Asia Minor, Parmenio is on
the attack. |
|
Late summer: Alexander is appointed hegemon of the League of
Corinth for the war against Persia. Meeting with Diogenes? |
|
|
| 335 |
Alexander's Balkan campaign. In Asia Minor, Memnon counter-attacks. |
|
October: revolt of Thebes. Thebes is destroyed and Alexander's control
of Greece is absolute. |
|
|
| 334 |
April/May: Alexander's expeditionary force crosses the Hellespont into
Persian territory. |
|
May/June: the Battle of the Granicus River. Alexander's forces move
south through Asia Minor. Surrender of Sardis and Ephesus; siege of Miletus
and Halicarnassus. |
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Winter campaign in Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia and Phrygia. |
|
|
| 333 |
Memnon's naval counter-offensive. He dies in early spring. Darius gathers
his forces at Babylon. |
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Alexander at Gordium. The "Gordian Knot" episode. Pharnabazus leads
the Persian naval counter-attack. |
|
Alexander enters Cilicia; a severe illness delays him at Tarsus. Darius
moves west into Syria. Parmenio advances to the "Syrian Gates". |
|
October/ November: the Battle of Issus. Alexander and his forces move
south through Syria. They capture Darius' family. At Marathus Alexander
receives Darius' first offer of peace. |
|
|
| 332 |
Late winter to midsummer: the siege and destruction of Tyre. During
the siege Alexander receives Darius' second offer of peace. |
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Autumn: The siege of Gaza. |
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November/December: Alexander enters Egypt. |
|
Rebellions against Macedon in Thrace and southern Greece. Antipater
negotiates peace in Thrace and attacks Agis III of Sparta. |
| 331 |
Alexander travels to Siwah to the Oracle of Ammon. Alexandria founded.
Alexander receives embassies, and news that the Oracle of Didyma has predicted
great victories for him. A dramatic and athletic festival is held at Memphis. |
|
Alexander's forces move north to Tyre and then east. Reinforcements
from Macedon.
In Greece Antipater ends the revolt of Agis III of Sparta at the battle
of Megalopolis.
In mid-September Alexander crosses the Tigris. September/October: Battle
of Gaugamela.
Macedonian forces capture Babylon and Susa. |
| 330 |
Alexander forces his way through the "Susian Gates". Persepolis is
captured. Campaigns against the Mardi. |
|
Alexander heads for Ecbatana. There his Greek allies are sent home,
and Parmenio remains in Ecbatana with Harpalus as his treasurer. Darius
retreats through Bactria. Alexander pursues him. In late July Darius is
murdered near Hecatompylus. Bessus claims the kingship. Alexander marches
into Hyrcania and Drangiana. The "Conspiracy of Philotas" is discovered.
Alexander marches north through Arachosia into Parapamisidae. |
| 329 |
Alexander winters near modern Kabul in Afghanistan. He pursues Bessus
north-west. Bessus surrenders and is executed. Alexander moves as far north
as Samarkand. The revolt of Spitamenes begins: a Macedonian force is defeated
and destroyed. |
| 328 |
Campaigns against Spitamenes in Sogdia and Bactria. |
|
Alexander captures the "Sogdian Rock". Autumn: the murder of Cleitus.
Capture of the "Rock of Chorienes". Defeat and death of Spitamenes. Marriage
to Roxanne. The recruitment and education of the Epigonoi is organised. |
| 327 |
The failed introduction of proskynesis. The "Pages Conspiracy".
Death of Callisthenes. |
|
Winter: Hephaestion leads forces to the Indus. Alexander captures the
"Rock of Aornus". The army advances to Taxila. |
| 326 |
The army gathers at the Indus. Late Spring: the Battle of the Hydaspes.
July: the advance to the Hypaphis: near mutiny. Alexander agrees to turn
back. November: sailing south. Alexander critically injured attacking the
Mallian town. |
| 325 |
The forces meet up at the Indus. Brahmin rebellion. Mercenary revolt
in Bactria. Craterus sets out for Carmania, followed some two months later
by Alexander. Autumn: Nearchus' voyage and the disastrous march through
Gedrosia. Harpalus leaves Asia Minor for Greece. |
| 324 |
The army and navy return from Gedrosia to Persepolis. The desecration
of Cyrus' tomb. Alexander's purges of his administration. Mid-year: the
Exiles Decree and the Deification Decree. Arrival of the Epigonoi,
the "Mass Marriages" at Susa, and, shortly afterwards, the "Mutiny" at
Opis. "Banquet or Reconciliation" and repatriation of the unfit veterans,
under Craterus, who is to replace Antipater. Autumn: death of Hephaestion
at Ecbatana. Winter: campaign against the Cossae. |
| 323 |
Harpalus is killed on Crete. Alexander and the army move to Babylon.
Preparations for the Arabian campaign commence. Arrival of Cassander to
negotiate on behalf of his father, Antipater. |
|
End of May: Alexander falls ill. June 10-11: death of Alexander. |
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To the chronology of the Successor Wars